禁止入境加拿大的11种情况 Inadmissibility

2024年7月19日

讀畢需時 5 分鐘

加拿大关于禁止进入加拿大的9种情况的规定是在IRPA 移民法的第34-42条的规定。

一、IRPA 34 国家安全

espionage,subversion or terrorism and membership in an organization that engages in theses acts 间谍、颠覆或恐怖主义以及参与这些行为的组织的成员.

二、IRPA 35 侵犯人权

crime against humanity 危害人类罪

genocide 种族灭绝

war crime 战争罪

三、IRPA 35.1 制裁

举例：加拿大总理于 9 月 26 日宣布打算制裁更多伊朗个人和实体。自宣布这一消息以来，加拿大迄今已对 52 名伊朗个人和 18 家实体实施制裁。

The Prime Minister announced an intention to sanction additional Iranian individuals and entities on September 26. Since this announcement, so far, Canada has imposed sanctions against 52 Iranian individuals and 18 entities.

四、IRPA 36（1）严重犯罪

36（1）（a）: 在加拿大被判犯最高可判处至少 10 年监禁的罪行，或可判处六个月以上监禁的罪行

(a) having been convicted in Canada of an offence under an Act of Parliament punishable by a maximum term of imprisonment of at least 10 years, or of an offence under an Act of Parliament for which a term of imprisonment of more than six months has been imposed;

36（1）（b）: 在加拿大境外被定罪，此罪行如果发生在加拿大，最高可判处至少 10 年监禁；

(b) having been convicted of an offence outside Canada that, if committed in Canada, would constitute an offence under an Act of Parliament punishable by a maximum term of imprisonment of at least 10 years; or

36（1）（c）：在加拿大境外犯罪，此罪行如果发生在加拿大，最高可判处至少 10 年监禁；

(c) committing an act outside Canada that is an offence in the place where it was committed and that, if committed in Canada, would constitute an offence under an Act of Parliament punishable by a maximum term of imprisonment of at least 10 years.

36（1）（b）和36（1）（c）的区别在于36（1）（b）已经被定罪，36（1）（c）只是犯罪，还没被定罪。

五、IRPA 36（2）犯罪

36（2）（a）在加拿大境内被定罪，此罪行为可起诉的罪行（重罪），或犯两项罪行，但并非由单一事件引起；

(a) having been convicted in Canada of an offence under an Act of Parliament punishable by way of indictment, or of two offences under any Act of Parliament not arising out of a single occurrence;

36（2）（b）在加拿大境外被定罪，此罪行如果发生在加拿大，此罪行为可起诉的罪行（重罪），或犯两项罪行，但并非由单一事件引起；

(b) having been convicted outside Canada of an offence that, if committed in Canada, would constitute an indictable offence under an Act of Parliament, or of two offences not arising out of a single occurrence that, if committed in Canada, would constitute offences under an Act of Parliament;

36（2）（c）在加拿大境外犯罪，此罪行如果发生在加拿大，可认定为可起诉的犯罪（重罪）

(c) committing an act outside Canada that is an offence in the place where it was committed and that, if committed in Canada, would constitute an indictable offence under an Act of Parliament; or

36（2）（d）在入境加拿大POE的时候犯罪；

(d) committing, on entering Canada, an offence under an Act of Parliament prescribed by regulations.

六、IRPA 37 有组织的犯罪

37（1）（a）属于某个组织的成员，该组织有合理的理由被认为正在从事或已经从事由若干人共同策划和组织的一系列犯罪活动,该活动被认定为可起诉的罪行（重罪），或在加拿大境外犯罪，若此罪发生在加拿大，将构成此类犯罪行为；

（a）being a member of an organization that is believed on reasonable grounds to be or to have been engaged in activity that is part of a pattern of criminal activity planned and organized by a number of persons acting in concert in furtherance of the commission of an offence punishable under an Act of Parliament by way of indictment, or in furtherance of the commission of an offence outside Canada that, if committed in Canada, would constitute such an offence, or engaging in activity that is part of such a pattern

37（1）（b）从事跨国犯罪，比如贩运人口，洗钱或其他犯罪活动；

(b) engaging, in the context of transnational crime, in activities such as people smuggling, trafficking in persons or laundering of money or other proceeds of crime.

七、IRPA 38 健康原因

总结起来就两个原因：

38（1）（a）和38（1）（b）对加拿大公共健康和公共安全造成危害

温馨提示：

（1）肺结核和未经治疗的梅毒会导致申请人medical inadmissible

（2）不能因为HIV判定一个人medical inadmissible，进入判定申请人不符合申请PR的资格。

38（1）（c）对加拿大医疗系统造成过度需求；

对于过度需求的定义，2023年的标准是25689加币/年 $128,445 over 5 years (or $25,689 per year)

但过度需求不适用于以下人群：难民/受保护的人/家庭团聚担保中的配偶，同居伴侣和孩子

八、IRPA 39 财务原因

经济类移民的核心是economically established，简单而言，就是防止外国人成为FN以后主要考social assistance生活。

39 A foreign national is inadmissible for financial reasons if they are or will be unable or unwilling to support themself or any other person who is dependent on them, and have not satisfied an officer that adequate arrangements for care and support, other than those that involve social assistance, have been made.